Sample surveys provide one of the most challenging fields for applying statistical methodology. They confront the researcher with a vast diversity of unique practical problems encountered in studies of populations. They include, but are not limited to: non-sampling errors, special population structures, exotic or contaminated distributions of study variables, unsatisfactory sample sizes, incorporation of auxiliary information available on many levels, simultaneous estimation of characteristics in various subpopulations, integration of data from many waves or phases of the survey and incompletely specified sampling procedures. This monograph has been prepared on the basis of the papers presented during the sixth ‘Survey Sampling in Economic and Social Research’ conference which took place on 21 and 22 September 2009 in Katowice, Poland. The chapters are extended and improved versions of the conference papers. Their authors deal with various theoretical and practical issues. The common theme of all papers is their relation to sample surveys.